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Three Ways That Genetic Diversity Occurs During Meiosis
By shakur thomas
During sexual reproduction, meiosis generates genetic variation in offspring because the process randomly shuffles genes across chromosomes and then randomly separates half of those chromosomes into each gamete. The two gametes then randomly fuse to form a new organism. Genetic variation stands as one of the key factors in evolutionary fitness and biological diversity. Reproductive cells undergoing meiosis make this possible, as the process has these specialized sex cells split and multiple after copulation.
Creating new organisms requires the process of meiosis, the process by which a fertilized egg cell splits into multiple cells. Genetic variation in sexual reproduction only occurs because meiosis randomly shuffles the genes of the two organisms mating.
Genetic Variation and Its Importance
Genetic variation in a population of organisms means that different organisms have different strengths and weaknesses. This acts as important facet of a species' ability to survive and increase its population because if new predators show up or food resources become scarce, many organisms will die. However, because of genetic variation some will survive because they can do things such as run faster or eat different foods. Those who survive will reproduce and repopulate the community. In terms of having toughness against harsh circumstances that threaten to kill off a population, genetic variation increases the chances that some members of a population will survive.
Chromosomes Crossing Over
The first way that meiosis generates genetic diversity occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange parts by crossing over. Early on in meiosis, during prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up. Homologous chromosomes have similar genes with other homologous chromosomes: one chromosome came from the mother and one came from the father. During meiosis, they look for each other and stick together length-wise. During this time, they exchange parts of their arms with each other, like combing two deck of cards, shuffling, and then equally separating the two decks. The results in paired homologous chromosomes that now have regions of DNA that were formerly on the other chromosome.
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Voltage-gated membrane channels open, and Ca+2 enters the cytoplasm, increasing intracellular calcium
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The neurotransmitters in the neurons are stored in the synaptic vesicles in the synaptic knob present at the axon terminal.
The neurotransmitters are released when the action potential reaches the axon terminal and opens up the voltage-gated calcium channels. The calcium channels allow the entry of the calcium from the synapses and this causes the release of the synaptic vesicles which fuses with the cell membrane. This fusion releases the neurotransmitter in the synapse.
<span>While the very important hippocampus has been coined as the "save button" for explicit (also known as declarative) memories, the two parts of the brain most involved for explicit memories are believed to be the amygdala and the front lobes.</span>
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Dissaster like meteorite impacted all type of living forms, however, animals are impacted the most and plants are impacted least. It is possible due to ability of plants to prepare their food on their own as they are autotrophic and use photosynthesis. The raw material for preparing these are easily available that are sunlight, CO2 and water.
They are not depende on other for their cellular respiration. The other major reason is that the Plant seeds can remain dormant in unfavorable conditions for many years in the soil. The roots always provide nutrition even the stems get effected.