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Sergio039 [100]
3 years ago
14

Explain how a CONTINENTAL climate affects humans

Geography
1 answer:
Natalka [10]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Floods: Climate change tends to make wet areas wetter and dry areas drier, and so there will be an increase in both flooding and droughts. Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters. Floods displace people from their homes, damage and destroy infrastructure and buildings, and take a toll on an economic level. In 2011 alone, 112 million people worldwide were affected by floods, and 3140 people were killed.

Drought: Unlike a flood, drought is rarely a direct killer. But extremely dry conditions that last for months or years can lead to food and water shortages and rising food prices, which can contribute to conflict. Droughts also have huge economic costs, even in developed countries. New Zealand, for instance, lost more than $3 billion from 2007-2009 because of reduced farm output from drought.

Fire: Increased heat increases fire risk, and climate change is expected to bring more wildfires. The current California drought, for instance, has raised the risk of “explosive” wildfires. And it’s not just burns and injuries from the fire that are the problems. “Smoke from forest fires has been linked…with increased mortality and morbidity,” the IPCC authors write in Chapter 11, “Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits” [pdf].

Crop declines and food shortages: Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, will lead to declines in some crops in some areas. While this might be an inconvenience for people in developed countries when it comes to foods like limes and avocados, the situation will be far more dire when it comes to crops like corn and wheat and in countries that already struggle to feed their populations. Food shortages and increases in food prices, which increase the number of malnourished people, are a particular concern in those places that already suffering from food insecurity, such as large portions of Africa.

Heat waves: Extreme heat can be deadly, particularly among the poor who may not have the luxury of retreating to air-conditioned rooms. In Australia, for example, the number of dangerously hot days is expected to rise from its current average of four to six days per year to 33 to 45 by 2070. That will translate to more deaths: About 500 people died because of heat in Australian cities in 2011

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( Canada ) The Environment - Preservation
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Answer:

Explanation:

<em>1. Air pollution</em>

There are two types of air pollutants: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants are emitted directly from their source, while secondary pollutants are formed when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere.

The burning of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity produces both primary and secondary pollutants and is one of the largest sources of air pollution.

Vehicle exhaust contains hazardous gases and particulate matter, including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. These gases rise into the atmosphere and react with other atmospheric gases, creating even more toxic gases.

Heavy use of fertilizers in agriculture is a major source of fine particle air pollution, according to the Earth Institute, affecting much of Europe, Russia, China and the United States. The level of pollution caused by agricultural activities is believed to exceed all other sources of fine particle air pollution in these countries.

Ammonia is a major air pollutant from agricultural activities. Ammonia enters the air as a gas from concentrated animal waste and overfertilized fields.

This ammonia gas then combines with other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles and industrial processes to form aerosols. Aerosols are tiny particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause heart and lung disease.

Other agricultural air pollutants include pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. All this also contributes to water pollution.

<em>2. Water pollution</em>

Nutrient pollution is caused by sewage, sewage and fertilizers. The high levels of nutrients in these springs enter water bodies and encourage the growth of algae and weeds, which can make the water undrinkable and deplete oxygen, leading to the death of aquatic life.

Pesticides and herbicides applied to crops and residential areas are concentrated in the soil and carried to the groundwater with rainwater and runoff. For these reasons, every time someone drills a well for water, it must be checked for contaminants.

Industrial waste is one of the main causes of water pollution as it creates primary and secondary pollutants including sulphur, lead and mercury, nitrates and phosphates, and oil spills.

In developing countries, about 70% of solid waste is dumped directly into the ocean or sea. This causes serious problems, including harming and killing sea creatures, which eventually affects people.

<em>3. Pollution of land and soil</em>

Land pollution is the destruction of land as a result of human activities and misuse of land resources. It occurs when people apply chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides to the soil, improperly dispose of waste, and recklessly exploit minerals in mining.

The soil is also polluted by leaking underground septic tanks, sewer systems, leaching of harmful substances from landfills, and direct discharge of sewage from industrial plants into rivers and oceans.

Rain and flooding can carry pollutants from other already polluted lands to soil elsewhere.

Over farming and overgrazing as a result of agricultural activities causes the soil to lose its nutritional value and structure, causing soil degradation, another type of soil pollution.

Landfills can leach harmful substances into soil and waterways and create very unpleasant odors and are breeding grounds for rodents that carry disease.

<em>4. Noise and light pollution</em>

Noise is considered an environmental pollutant caused by domestic sources, public events, commercial and industrial activities, and transportation.

Light pollution is caused by prolonged and excessive use of artificial lighting at night, which can cause health problems for humans and disrupt natural cycles, including wildlife activities. Sources of light pollution include electronic billboards, night sports venues, street and car lights, city parks, public places, airports, and residential areas.

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