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pshichka [43]
2 years ago
8

How to get high affinity antibody?

Biology
1 answer:
Anit [1.1K]2 years ago
4 0

Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.

We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies. 

Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html

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Mitosis is a type of cell division. organize the images below to show the steps of mitosis.
barxatty [35]

Answer:    

The correct order is F, E, C, G, H, A, D, and B (look at the image in the attached files)

Explanation:

  • <u>Interphase</u><u>:</u> Stages G1, S, and G2. At this point probably, the chromatin duplication has already occurred, but it is still lax or dispersed. It has not condensed yet. Two pairs of centrioles are outside the nucleus (FIGURE F)  
  • <u>Prophase</u>: Centrioles move forward to the opposite poles of the cell. Chromatin is condensed and individual chromosomes are now visible. The nuclear membrane breaks into many pieces. Spindle apparatus -microtubules- forms. (FIGURE E)
  • <u>Metaphase:</u> The polar and the kinetochore fibers drive each individual chromosome to the equatorial plane. This stage ends when all the chromosomes are completely arranged in the medial area.  (FIGURE C)
  • <u>Anaphase</u>: Sister chromatids separate and move to the opposite poles of the cells, driven by the microtubules. In each pole, there are a pair of centrioles (FIGURE G and H).
  • <u>Telophase</u>: The nuclear membrane rearranges. Each sister chromatid becomes now a new chromosome. There is a pair of centrioles outside each of the nuclei. (FIGURE A)
  • Cytokinesis occurs at the end of the cell division. The rest of the cell is divided into two new daughter cells. Each daughter cell is an identical copy of the other cell, with the exact same genetic material (FIGURE D).
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EQ: What is the scientific Method and<br> how do we use it in our everyday lives?
GREYUIT [131]

Answer:

The scientific method :

Make an observation.

Ask a question.

Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation.

Make a prediction based on the hypothesis.

Test the prediction.

Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or prediction

Explanation

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Read the scenario. Jake and Pari are completing a biology assignment. One of the questions asks them to determine the base amoun
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Answer:

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Explanation:

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According to the problem the DNA sample was 40% cytosine and 40% guanine, so this is correct, there are equal amounts of cytosine and guanine. Now Thymine needs to have equal amounts as adenine, but adenine only has 10%.

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