After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.
There were several nations who sought to claim the territory such as the Americans, British, French, and Spanish. John Quincy Adams resolved this through the Treaty of 1818 where the border of the United States and Canada was established at the 49th Parallel.
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Answer: Is down below
Explanation:
The Dark Ages ●Was the period between 400 AD and 1400 AD a “Dark Age” for Europe? ●Was this a time of cultural decay and decline? The American Cyclopedia “The Dark Ages is a term applied in its widest sense to that period of intellectual depression in the history of Europe from the establishment of the barbarian supremacy in the fifth century (400 AD) to the revival of learning at about the beginning of the fifteenth (1400 AD), thus nearly corresponding in extent with the Middle Ages.” Textbook A 1.What type of document is this? A textbook excerpt. 2.When was it written? Was written in 1965. 3.How long does this textbook suggest the “Dark Ages” lasted? 624 years. 476 to 1100. 4.Why, according to this textbook, were the “early Middle Ages” a “Dark Age”? Europe suffered a decline in economy, literature, art, culture, education. When barbarians invaded there was disorder, chaos, travel was not safe. Government could not keep order. There was violence, theft, decline in manufacturing, commerce, education. Government lost control and it all fell to pieces. A poverty stricken time. 5.What is similar and different about this account and the American Cyclopaedia entry? Similar: see the dark ages as a negative time for Europe. Agree that it is an adequate name for this time period. Use the ‘barbarism’ term. Textbook says it was ‘semi’ whereas the cyclopedia said it was ‘supreme’ barbarism. Mention a decline in education. Differences: time period, one only mentions intellectual depression, the other talks about
Answer:
Initially, Department of State officials and Bush’s foreign policy team were reluctant to speak publicly about German “reunification” due to fear that hard-liners in both the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Soviet Union would stymie reform. Although changes in the GDR leadership and encouraging speeches by Gorbachev about nonintervention in Eastern Europe boded well for reunification, the world was taken by surprise when, during the night of November 9, 1989, crowds of Germans began dismantling the Berlin Wall—a barrier that for almost 30 years had symbolized the Cold War division of Europe. By October 1990, Germany was reunified, triggering the swift collapse of the other East European regimes.
Thirteen months later, on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dissolved. President Bush and his chief foreign policy advisers were more pro-active toward Russia and the former Soviet republics after the collapse of the Communist monolith than while it was teetering. In a series of summits during the next year with the new Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Bush pledged $4.5-billion to support economic reform in Russia, as well as additional credit guarantees and technical assistance.
The two former Cold War adversaries lifted restrictions on the numbers and movement of diplomatic, consular, and official personnel. They also agreed to continue the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty negotiations (START), begun before the collapse of the Soviet Union, which set a goal of reducing their strategic nuclear arsenals from approximately 12,000 warheads to 3,000-3,500 warheads by 2003. In January 1993, three weeks before leaving office, Bush traveled to Moscow to sign the START II Treaty that codified those nuclear reductions.
