This is an example of vestigial structure.
Vestigial structures are structures (cells, tissues and organs) found in an organism that has lost most or all of its primitive function through evolution. The vestigial structure has performed vital functions in the organism in the past but as there are changes in species as a result of natural selection, the structure became less important until it no longer functions. A reduced nonfunctional digit on the paws of dogs known as a dewclaw is an example of vestigial structure.
Answer:
Electron transport chain and ATP synthase
Explanation:
The inner mitochondrial membrane contains an electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Four membrane protein complexes serve as the electron carriers and are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These protein complexes are called complex I, II, III and IV. Transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to terminal electron acceptor oxygen occurs via these protein complexes.
During electron transfer, the pumping of protons towards the inner mitochondrial membrane creates an electrochemical gradient. The downhill transfer of protons back to the matrix via proton channel of ATP synthase drives phosphorylation of ADP. Therefore, presence of all the protein complexes of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase is required for electron transfer and ATP synthesis.
The mantle is very hot. Thickness is 2885km.
