Explanation:
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water and slowly reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. The cloudy white solution observed when CO2 is bubbled into limewater results from a reaction between Ca(OH)2 and either CO2 or H2CO3 to form an insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate.
Given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
Gastric juice (pH 1.5) is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach. Calculate the amount of free energy required to concentrate the H in 1 liter of gastric juice at 37 degree of centigrade. Under cellular conditions, how many moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to provide this amount of free energy? the free energy change for ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions is about -58 kJ/mol. Ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Gastric juice pH = 1.5, blood plasma pH = 7.4
Temperature = 
= (37 + 273) K
= 310 K
Now, relation between pH and concentration of hydrogen ions is as follows.
pH = ![-log [H^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-log%20%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
At pH = 1.5, we will calculate the ![[H^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
as follows.
![[H^{+}] = 10^{-pH}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%2010%5E%7B-pH%7D)
= 
= 
M (
)
At pH = 7.4, we will calculate the as follows.
= 
= 
M (
)
Also,
= 
= 35 kJ/mol
So, the amount of ATP necessary to provide 35 kJ is as follows.
= 0.6 mol
Therefore, we can conclude that 0.6 moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to provide this amount of free energy.
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Rate of diffusion is defined as the total movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
The interaction between medium and the material is responsible for the rate of diffusion of a material or substance.
A small concentration gradient means small difference in the number of molecules taking part in a reaction. So, when there no large difference between the concentration then there won't be much difference in the rate of diffusion of a material.
Whereas a higher concentration of molecules will lead to more number of collisions due to which frequency of molecules increases. Therefore, rate of diffusion will also increase.
Small molecule size will also lead to increases in rate of diffusion. This is because according to Graham's law rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to molar mass of an element. Hence, smaller size molecule will have smaller mass. As a result, rate of diffusion will be more.
High temperature means more kinetic energy of molecules due to which more number of collisions will be there. Hence, rate of diffusion will also increase.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options a small concentration gradient is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion.
The average surface temperature of Uranus (nearly being the coldest planet in the solar system) is -224<span>°C</span>
