<span>10% rule (efficiency between trophic levels): limits how long an ecosystem's food chain can be
Predator/prey
cost benefit analysis (i.e. foraging) -- cost is risk of being eaten or
killed along the way, benefit is energy/nourishment obtained: limits
distribution of predator v. prey
Immigration/Emigration with other populations and ecosystems
Island
biogeography: size of land and distance from another
population/ecosystem (mainland): limits population size and variability
on island</span>
A controlled experiment is the type of experiment when <span>two experiments are identical except for one variable. So the word missing is Controlled experiment. Hope this helps</span>
Answer:
Explanation:what do you mean?
Answer:
1) Reproduction is a process in which offspring is produced due to the mating of male organism with female organism. Offspring is the baby of that organism.
2) Gestational period is the period that is required for the development of fetus until its birth. Fetus is unborn baby made of zygote. It occurs in mammals.
3) The baby organisms or offspring come out from the female organism's body.
4) The mammals feed their milk to their babies which is highly nutritious.
