Jews pray in a synagogue, like Church for Christians- Sabbath is a day of religious observance for Jews, and Kosher is the foods and drinks they consider religiously permitted, like Halal for Muslims.
The US and USSR engaged in nuclear arms race because each country was afraid of the other gaining nuclear supremacy.
This would be matrilineal, where the line of the mother was the relevant line, and not of the father: in order to be a king, one needed to have the royal mother and the father was irrelevant. The dynasty would be traced by the female line in this case (even if the kings were the rulers).