Johannes Gutenberg spent 4 years on his printing press, or to be exact, from 1436 to 1440
The first and most important point is that the Civil War was expensive. In 1860 the U.S. national debt was $65 million. To put that in perspective, the national debt in 1789, the year George Washington took office, was $77 million. In other words, from 1789 to 1860, the United States spanned the continent, fought two major wars, and began its industrial growth—all the while reducing its national debt.We had limited government, few federal expenses, and low taxes. In 1860, on the eve of war, almost all federal revenue derived from the tariff. We had no income tax, no estate tax, and no excise taxes. Even the hated whiskey tax was gone. We had seemingly fulfilled Thomas Jefferson’s vision: “What farmer, what mechanic, what laborer ever sees a tax-gatherer of the United States?”Four years of civil war changed all that forever. In 1865 the national debt stood at $2.7 billion. Just the annual interest on that debt was more than twice our entire national budget in 1860. In fact, that Civil War debt is almost twice what the federal government spent before 1860.What’s worse, Jefferson’s vision had become a nightmare. The United States had a progressive income tax, an estate tax, and excise taxes as well. The revenue department had greatly expanded, and tax-gatherers were a big part of the federal bureaucracy.
Furthermore, our currency was tainted. The Union government had issued more than $430 million in paper money (greenbacks) and demanded it be legal tender for all debts. No gold backed the notes.The military side of the Civil War ended when Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee shook hands at Appomattox Court House. But the economic side of the war endured for generations. The change is seen in the annual budgets before and after the war. The 1860 federal budget was $63 million, but after the war, annual budgets regularly exceeded $300 million. Why the sharp increase?
Odysseus will repay the hospitality shown by Alcinous is evident in lines 1-7 in book 9; And it is important as when they will survive, will remain friends and allies which is significant in political terms.
Explanation:
Odysseus will repay the hospitality shown by Alcinous which is both a necessary and an important turning point in the time of war which shows the significance of this vow as being the political terminology is upheld.
Odysseus and Alcinous will become friends at the end of the war in case of their survival of both of them. This survival and their friendship will lay down the political alliance to be established as a significant part of repayment of the hospitality.
<span>Affrican American win
greater political rights betwwen 1920 and 1960 Through the Civil Rights
Movement; which involved non-violent protests, speeches and Supreme Court
battles. These actions eventually led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of
1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.</span>
