Answer:
taking some 20 to 30 seconds to do so, depending on the exact temperature.
Land surrounded by water. :)
Answer:involuntary; voluntary
Explanation:In classical conditioning, learning occurs involuntary because we respond to stimuli automatically and naturally. We start to associate certain stimuli with each other and the first encountered stimulus is the one that triggers natural and automatic response from us, and this stimuli is referred to as unconditioned stimulus and it will yield an automatic response that we have not learned before. Like when someone soothes you with a hug after a stressful day , you feel that arousal which occurs automatic and it is an involuntary response.
In operant conditioning we actual embark on a journey to learn such as observational learning in which we study others behavior so that we can imitate it.
Your question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:
As a hungry dog runs ever closer toward a bowl of food, the less likely it is to stop running until it reaches the food. This best illustrates that the dog's running behavior is most strongly affected by ________ reinforcers.
a) secondary
b) immediate
c) partial
d) negative
Answer:
This best illustrates that the dog's running behavior is most strongly affected by <u>b) immediate</u> reinforcers.
Explanation:
We can reach the conclusion above by elimination. A secondary reinforcement is one associated with a primary one. Suppose you're teaching the dog to sit. When the dog sits, you give it a treat (primary reinforcer) and then say, "Good job!" (secondary reinforcer). That is not the case here.
A partial reinforcer is one given every now and then, that is, not every time the desired behavior happens. That is also not the case.
A negative reinforcer is the removal of something that was already present. Imagine you have made your son do the dishes after he misbehaved. When he behaves properly, you tell him he doesn't have to do the dishes anymore. You didn't give him a reward; you simply removed the punishment. That is negative reinforcement.
<u>Therefore, we are left with immediate reinforcers. The dog has already learned that the bowl contains food, that food will be given to him immediately if he reaches the bowl. That is why he doesn't stop nor doesn't get distracted. He is hungry and wants to end his hunger immediately.</u>
The correct answer is letter B
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