Receptors that are embedded on the cell membrane bind to chemicals outside of the cell and this binding process cause a chemical response on the inside of the cell.
These receptors that help in communication between the cell and the outside world are called cell surface receptors or sometimes transmembrane receptors.
A majority of chemical signals are water soluble thus unable to cross the fatty lipid bi-layer of the cell membrane. Their receptors, which are protein in nature therefore must span the membrane, detect their presence outside of the cell and transmit this information into the interior of the cell.
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Inside the cells of plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, chlorophyll, and enzymes use the light energy to rearrange the atoms of the reactants to form the products, molecules of glucose and oxygen gas.
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The cell wall present in fungi and bacteria permits these cells to withstand very dilute external medium without bursting.
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The correct answer is option d. "a and b".
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Plenty of methods had been developed to estimate the body size of dinosaurs such as the gigantic Sauropods. One of the first estimations that paleontologists used was the Archimedes principle, consisting in dunking the entire skeleton of a Sauropod into a pool of water and measure the water displacement or more precisely small dinosaur models. However this method requires the preservation of almost the entire skeleton. A more used and useful method is to measure the length of the legs from the hip to the foot and using a 2/3's power relationship convert that to a mass. This method is more used since it only requires a couple of leg bones, which are often well preserved.
<span>This is false. Everyone is unique in this aspect and although genetics can help you, or make life harder, it also falls down to personal behavior and habits. There are no genetics that can save you from constant overeating and there are no genetics that can prevent you from working out, at least to your possible extent.</span>
