The British defeating the Spanish Armada
Over 30,000 people left the country and went to Canada, Sweden, and Mexico to avoid the draft. The Japanese anti-war group Beheiren helped some American soldiers to desert and hide from the military in Japan.
It is now believed that the largest contributing factor to the decline of the Indus Valley civilization was an outbreak of disease--since there were no treatments and the density of the civilization led the disease to spread very quickly.