The <em>correct answer</em> is:
B) Substitution property of equality
Explanation:
sin²x and cos²x have been added together, making
sin²x + cos²x.
Since we know that sin x = a/c, this means that sin²x = (a/c)² = a²/c².
Since we know that cos x = b/c, this means that cos²x = (b/c)² = b²/c².
These two values have been substituted for sin²x + cos²x, making
a²/c² + b²/c².
Since we substituted, this means it is the substitution property of equality.