North America has four major deserts: Great Basin, Mohave, Chihuahuan and Sonoran. All but the Sonoran Desert have cold winters. Freezing temperatures are even more limiting to plant life than is aridity, so colder deserts are poorer in both species and life forms, especially succulents.
The four North American deserts
The Great Basin Desert (plate 10) is both the highest-elevation and northernmost of the four and has very cold winters. The seasonal distribution of precipitation varies with latitude, but temperatures limit the growing season to the summer. Vegetation is dominated by a few species of low, small-leafed shrubs; there are almost no trees or succulents and not many annuals. The indicator plant (the most common or conspicuous one used to identify an area) is big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), which often grows in nearly pure stands over huge vistas. (Such cold shrub/deserts in the "Old World" are called steppes.)
The Mohave Desert (plate 11) is characterized largely by its winter rainy season. Hard freezes are common but not as severe as in the Great Basin Desert. The perennial vegetation is composed mostly of low shrubs; annuals carpet the ground in wet years. There are many species of these two life forms, but few succulents and trees grow there. The only common tree species is the characteristic joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), an arborescent (treelike) yucca that forms extensive woodlands above 3000 feet (900 m) elevation.
Though the Chihuahuan Desert (plate 12) is the southernmost, it lies at a fairly high elevation and is not protected by any barrier from arctic air masses, so hard winter freezes are common. Its vegetation consists of many species of low shrubs, leaf succulents, and small cacti. Trees are rare. Rainfall is predominantly in the summer, but in the northern end there is occasionally enough winter rain to support massive blooms of spring annuals. The Chihuahuan Desert is unexpectedly rich in species despite the winter cold.
Answer c the treaties granted the Indian territory with official territorial status
Answer:Pearl Harbor
Explanation:
The conflict between American and Japan started when a Japanese air fleet attacking an American naval base
Answer:
As the Sumerian villages grew into large cities, they formed city-states. ... All of these things were important for the development of human civilization.planation:
Best answer: by disagreeing with the pope
There had been much struggle between Pope Boniface VIII and the French king, Philip IV, over control of the church in France. Philip actually sent men to rough up Boniface during that time. After Boniface's death and then a papacy of less than a year by Benedict XI, pressure from France resulted in the electing of a French cardinal as Pope Clement V, in 1305. Clement moved the office of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, which was in Holy Roman Empire territory but near the border of France. The papal offices stayed in Avignon, under French domination, from 1309 to 1376, with seven popes total governing the church from there.
Gregory XI, the last French pope, returned the offices of the papacy to Rome in 1377. When Gregory XI died in 1378, an Italian again was elected to be pope – Urban VI. But very quickly many cardinals (especially the French) regretted the election of Urban VI. The French cardinals put forth their own rival pope, Clement VII, later in 1378. This began the Great Schism, also known as the Western Schism or Papal Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe. The split in the papacy lasted till 1417.
