Like all ecosystems, forests consist of many interacting parts. They include living organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi. Forests also include non-living components that these organisms depend on, such as the soil and climate. As stated in the article, one change, such as pollution, can cause a ripple effect through the ecosystem. Dying lichens are one of the earliest signs of pollution. In turn, the loss of the lichens can cause a decline in species that rely on the lichens for survival.
A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important.
