Answer:
this is mitosis division of cell
Answer:
D. all of these.
Explanation:
All of these are the questions that involves ethical considerations because the method used in these questions are not doing naturally. Vitro fertilization is the fusion of woman's egg with the sperm of male outside the uterus of women which is unethical. Testing of unborn children in the womb for genetic disorders and producing genetically modify plants are also unethical because it does not occur naturally. It occurs due to intervention of humans in God's creation.
Genetic mutations are the alterations of genetic materials. <u>Fatal familial insomnia</u> is a disorder, caused by a genetic mutation, involving a progressive inability to sleep.
<h3>What is fatal familial insomnia?</h3>
Fatal familial insomnia is a brain disorder that can be inherited and affects the sleep cycle. It is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to mental and physical deterioration because of a lack of sleep.
FFI is caused by a genetic mutation in the PRNP gene that alters the mechanism of the thalamus resulting in an alteration of the sleep activity that leads to exhaustion.
Therefore, <u>fatal familial insomnia</u> is the correct blank.
Learn more about fatal familial insomnia, here:
brainly.com/question/27791600
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In the case of the muscular cramps, the muscle contraction starts with the generation of the action potentials from the brain. The action potential causes the release of the calcium ions movement out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (storage site of calcium). The calcium released in this process causes the contraction of the myofibrils with the help of the ATP molecules. Meanwhile, the calcium is pumped back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the fast calcium pumps.
The contraction of one muscle cell generate the action potential in neighboring muscle cells. When the generation of the action potential is stopped, the sarcoplasmic reticulum relaxes as well as the muscle is relaxed. The fast calcium pump is powered by a sodium gradient, and the calcium influx is a result of fast outflux of the sodium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
In case, the sodium ion is less, the calcium pumps cannot be powered, the calcium ion would remain in myofibril, as a result, the muscle would be contracted for a longer time and this result in cramps. The muscle in this case, would be relaxed by the ATP instead of sodium gradient. So, it can be concluded that the muscle cramps are caused when the muscles are not able to relax properly.
