Answer : Electron transport
Cellular respiration is a process by which respiratory substrate such as glucose gets oxidized and releases energy. On the basis of the availability of oxygen, the oxidation of substrate depends. In presence of oxygen, cellular respiration is called aerobic respiration and in absence of oxygen it is called anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis is common process for both type of respiration. In absence of oxygen, incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate occurs which does not involves electron transport.
This is rooted in the central dogma of biology: DNA->RNA->protein. Once proteins are formed, they are the foundation for reactions and structures formed in the body.
Answer: mRNA (messenger RNA) is formed from a template of DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) with the help of enzyme RNA polymerase. This process is called transcription.
pre mRNA needs to undergo processing before it can be translated to form protein (in the cytoplasm). It involves splicing ( where introns that is non coding sequences, are removed and exons are joined).
Apart from this, it includes capping at 5' end ( so that it is recognized by ribosome for translation) of mRNA and addition of poly A tail at 3' end.
The sequence for editing is depicted in the attached flow chart.
A. they tend to be unspecialized.