Answer:
the correct answer is B
Explanation:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone whose main function, which is not unique, is the regulation of the production of red blood cells and with it all the processes related to the formation of energy by aerobic route
It is made by the kidney.
Explanation:
During the process of prophase I, the nuclear envelope containing chromosomes has only partly broken down homologous chromosomes are joined together by proteins and a complex or pairing call synapsis- corresponding genes on sister chromatids are aligned precisely.
The syanapsis allows for crossing over which is the exchange of segments of chromosome, between non-sister homologous or similar chromatids crossing over happens at chiasmata, the point where non-sister chromosomes are joined.
Further Explanation:
All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes (2n) is halved to 23 chromosomes (haploid number)through meiotic divisions, producing 4 haploid (n) germ cells or gametes (sperm or eggs), each containing half the number of chromosomes as its parent cell.
In Meiosis I
- homologs pair off into bivalents
- At crossing over: the exchange of segments of chromosome, between non-sister homologous or similar chromatids crossing over happens at chiasmata, the point where non-sister chromosomes are joined in prophase I forming bivalents; tetrads are formed.
- Spindle fibers from centrioles join sister chromatids together at their centromeres in metaphase I, pulling them to the equator of the cell;
- then, in anaphase I, while joined, they are pulled to opposite sides of the cell; the cell body splits and the nuclear envelope reforms in telophase I
In Meiosis II...
- Later, in prophase II, the nuclear envelope disintegrates and mitotic spindle fibers are formed
- independent assortment occurs. in metaphase II of meiosis: spindle fibers attach to centromeres, chromatids align independently at the equator. Genes segregate independently into new combinations as sister chromatids are pulled apart by their centromeres in anaphase II
- in telophase II the cells' nuclei and membrane are then formed with each containing the haploid number (n)
- Following the formation of gametes in the last stage, randomized fertilization occurs in sexual reproduction sperm cells fertilize an ovum to form a zygote. This occurs randomly by chance, to result in a complete set of chromosomes 2n, that is a novel combination of half each parent's number of chromosomes
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Answer:
The highest level of organization for living things is the biosphere; it encompasses all other levels. The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
Explanation:
The most significant limitation to the clinical utility of anthracycline antineoplastic medicines, which include doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, is the danger of cardiotoxicity.
- Nevertheless, these substances continue to rank among the most popular anticancer medications.
- Although the oxidative stress-based concept involving intramyocardial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has acquired the most respect, the molecular etiology of anthracycline cardiotoxicity is still quite debatable.
- Through redox cycling of both their aglycones and anthracycline-iron complexes, anthracyclines may facilitate the generation of ROS.
- Given the remarkable cardioprotective efficacy of dexrazoxane, this suggested mechanism has gained a lot of traction (ICRF-187).
What is Influenza?
- It affects the lungs, nose, and throat.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly individuals, pregnant women, persons with chronic illnesses, and those with weakened immune systems.
- Fever, chills, muscle pains, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and exhaustion are some of the symptoms.
- Rest and fluids are the main treatments for the flu because they allow the body to fight the illness on its own.
- Anti-inflammatory painkillers sold over-the-counter may aid with symptoms. An yearly flu shot can lessen complications and aid in prevention.
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