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Answer:
3/8 tall, green, round
3/8 dwarf, green, round
Explanation:
<u>The progeny which are in highest ratio represent parental plants.</u>
Here in the given question, 3 out of 8 progeny are tall, green, round and 3 out of 8 progeny are dwarf, green, round which are the highest in number so they represent parental plants. The reason behind this is that during crossing over only two non-sister chromatids undergo crossing over while two other parental chromosomes remain intact. Out of the 4 chromosome types, 2 remain the same which will result in the same type of genotype of off-springs as of parents. So even if there is 100% chance of crossing over between non sister chromatids still only 50% will be recombinants rest of the 50% will represent parental type.
Another case may be when two genes are very near to each other then it is quite possible that the genes may not undergo crossing over at all in that case there will be no recombinants at all.
So, it simply means that parentals > recombinants or the progeny which are highest in number represent parentals.
In case of unlinked genes, parentals = recombinants. But, <u>recombinants can never be greater than parentals.</u>
Explanation:
B. Lactic acid is produced from lactobacilli as the starter undergoes fermentation
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation. In lactic acid bacteria, the pyruvate produced is directly transferred to lactate (a form of lactic acid) producing NAD+.
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046
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