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k0ka [10]
2 years ago
14

Part I - To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the amount of nico

tine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed. The FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 27.3 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.8 milligrams for a sample of cigarettes. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette.
a 27.3 ± 3.033

b 27.3 ± 3.321

c 27.3 ± 3.217

d 27.3 ± 3.131

Part II - To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the amount of nicotine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed. The FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 24.9 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.6 milligrams for a sample of n = 9 cigarettes. The FDA claims that the mean nicotine content exceeds 28.4 milligrams for this brand of cigarette, and their stated reliability is 98%. Do you agree?

a No, since the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

b
Yes, since the value 28.4 does fall in the 98% confidence interval.

c
Yes, since the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

d
No, since the value 28.4 does fall in the 98% confidence interval.
Mathematics
1 answer:
IRINA_888 [86]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

(I) 99% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg].

(II) No, since the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that a new cigarette has recently been marketed.

The FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 27.3 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.8 milligrams for a sample of 9 cigarettes.

Firstly, the Pivotal quantity for 99% confidence interval for the population mean is given by;

                                  P.Q. =  \frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }  ~ t_n_-_1

where, \bar X = sample mean nicotine content = 27.3 milligrams

            s = sample standard deviation = 2.8 milligrams

            n = sample of cigarettes = 9

            \mu = true mean nicotine content

<em>Here for constructing 99% confidence interval we have used One-sample t test statistics as we don't know about population standard deviation.</em>

<u>Part I</u> : So, 99% confidence interval for the population mean, \mu is ;

P(-3.355 < t_8 < 3.355) = 0.99  {As the critical value of t at 8 degree

                                      of freedom are -3.355 & 3.355 with P = 0.5%}  

P(-3.355 < \frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < 3.355) = 0.99

P( -3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < {\bar X-\mu} < 3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ) = 0.99

P( \bar X-3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < \mu < \bar X+3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ) = 0.99

<u />

<u>99% confidence interval for</u> \mu = [ \bar X-3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } , \bar X+3.355 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ]

                                          = [ 27.3-3.355 \times {\frac{2.8}{\sqrt{9} } } , 27.3+3.355 \times {\frac{2.8}{\sqrt{9} } } ]

                                          = [27.3 \pm 3.131]

                                          = [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg]

Therefore, 99% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [24.169 mg , 30.431 mg].

<u>Part II</u> : We are given that the FDA tests on this cigarette gave a mean nicotine content of 24.9 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.6 milligrams for a sample of n = 9 cigarettes.

The FDA claims that the mean nicotine content exceeds 28.4 milligrams for this brand of cigarette, and their stated reliability is 98%.

The Pivotal quantity for 98% confidence interval for the population mean is given by;

                                  P.Q. =  \frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } }  ~ t_n_-_1

where, \bar X = sample mean nicotine content = 24.9 milligrams

            s = sample standard deviation = 2.6 milligrams

            n = sample of cigarettes = 9

            \mu = true mean nicotine content

<em>Here for constructing 98% confidence interval we have used One-sample t test statistics as we don't know about population standard deviation.</em>

So, 98% confidence interval for the population mean, \mu is ;

P(-2.896 < t_8 < 2.896) = 0.98  {As the critical value of t at 8 degree

                                       of freedom are -2.896 & 2.896 with P = 1%}  

P(-2.896 < \frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < 2.896) = 0.98

P( -2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < {\bar X-\mu} < 2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ) = 0.98

P( \bar X-2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } < \mu < \bar X+2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ) = 0.98

<u />

<u>98% confidence interval for</u> \mu = [ \bar X-2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } , \bar X+2.896 \times {\frac{s}{\sqrt{n} } } ]

                                          = [ 24.9-2.896 \times {\frac{2.6}{\sqrt{9} } } , 24.9+2.896 \times {\frac{2.6}{\sqrt{9} } } ]

                                          = [22.4 mg , 27.4 mg]

Therefore, 98% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of this brand of cigarette is [22.4 mg , 27.4 mg].

No, we don't agree on the claim of FDA that the mean nicotine content exceeds 28.4 milligrams for this brand of cigarette because as we can see in the above confidence interval that the value 28.4 does not fall in the 98% confidence interval.

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Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer:

<em>A. Length of a Tour Bus                       ↔     #2.      1.1 × 10¹ meters</em>

<em />

<em>B. Width of an apple                             ↔      #3.     4 × 10⁰ centimeters</em>

<em />

<em>C. Distance from Earth to a Satellite    ↔    #6.     8 × 10² kilometers</em>

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Explanation:

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The length of a tour bus should be measured in meters. It sure is way less than 1 kilometer and way more than a few centimeters. It could be about some meters, more than 5 meters, may be between 10 meters and 15 meters.

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The number in the box #1 is too big, in the order of ten trillions of kilometers, because one trillion is 10¹²; thus that is notreasonalbe (too big).

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<u><em></em></u>

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Thus, 9 × 10¹ micrometers is the most reasonable measurement fot the thickness of a human hair.

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