When oxygen availability is low, the cell can't perform aerobic respiration to breakdown glucose. Instead, anaerobic respiration must be performed. This occurs in cells which consume large amounts of energy, such as muscle cells. Anaerobic respiration produces much less energy than aerobic respiration

One type of anaerobic respiration formed by yeast is called alcohol fermentation (also called ethanol fermentation). This begins with glycolysis, where one molecule of glucose is broke down into 2 molecules of pyruvate. The energy from this reaction generates 2 molecules of ATP, and converts NAD+ to NADH.

Then, the two molecules of pyruvate are further broke down into 2 acetaldehydes (releasing two molecules of carbon dioxide as a by-product). These two molecules of acetaldehyde are then converted into tw molecules of ethanol, using the H ions from NADH, converting it back to NAD+. See the attached picture

This process is taken advantage of to brew beer and wine.

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3 years ago

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Elaine is a police officer and a mother of a 17 year old son. One afternoon while cleaning her son's room, Elaine finds drugs in

zimovet [89]

Elaine is a police officer and a mother of a 17 year old son. One afternoon while cleaning her son's room, Elaine finds drugs in his backpack. She tells him
that she cannot allow drugs in her home and demands he tell her where they came from. In these two roles as police officer and mother, Elaine is experiencing:

B. role conflict

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2 years ago