Vestigal organs are organs that, as we evolve, the organs loose their purpose and have no function anymore. The appendix is a vestigal organ
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If the facts about proton pumping are true, then protons are pumped into the matrix of the mitochondria.
<h3>What causes the electron transport chain's proton pumping?</h3>
Proton pumps are found in the electron transport chain's complexes I, III, and IV. The complexes absorb the energy generated when electrons migrate energetically downward and use it to pump H +start superscript, plus, end superscript ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane gap.
<h3>when outside of the Matrix are protons pumped?</h3>
At complexes I, III, and IV, the matrix is pumped of protons (2 per complex). The resultant proton gradient drives ATP synthesis: 2 H+ are generated for every ATP. The inner mitochondrion is charged differently due to the proton gradient.
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Well, the greenhouse effect is a natural process by which some of the radiant heat from the Sun is captured in the lower atmosphere of the Earth, thus maintaining the temperature of the Earth's surface. The gases that help capture the heat, called “greenhouse gases,” include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and a variety of manufactured chemicals. Some are emitted from natural sources; others are anthropogenic, resulting from human activities.
Over the past several decades, rising concentrations of greenhouse gases have been detected in the Earth's atmosphere. Although there is not universal agreement within the scientific community on the impacts of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, it has been theorized that they may lead to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface. To date, it has been difficult to note such an increase conclusively because of the differences in temperature around the Earth and throughout the year, and because of the difficulty of distinguishing permanent temperature changes from the normal fluctuations of the Earth's climate. In addition, there is not universal agreement among scientists and climatologists on the potential impacts of an increase in the average temperature of the Earth, although it has been hypothesized that it could lead to a variety of changes in the global climate, sea level, agricultural patterns, and ecosystems that could be, on net, detrimental.
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I think a very important thing while working in a scientific laboratory is to have cooperation along with a sense of individual responsibility. There are many times when you are not expert in one scientific technique but your senior or fellow worker is because of his/her prior experience. At that point, the people of laboratory should cooperate with each other in giving some tips regarding performing a specific technique and getting the results with minimum time wastage. This does not mean that you take help from some one without giving them credit.
There should be a lab attendant in every lab who should be consulted for every problem so that he can assign some relevant worker to help you in the work. After you get the help, the attendant should confirm from both persons and keep a log about it which they should appreciate and give a fair credit about inquiries of higher authorities like supervisors.
Another important factor that is important for people is to have a sense of respect for each other. This is important to listen to others without just thinking about our own perspective and our own understanding. This also enables to understand a point from larger view and can help to bring a point in mind which we otherwise might skip.
