When the population belonging to the same biological species becomes separated from each other due to some geographical factor such that no gene flow can occur between the two separated populations then the speciation that occurs on account of this is known as allopatric speciation.
The geographical isolation that separates the two groups can be the origin of a mountain, the formation of islands, volcanic eruption, etc. which prevents the two groups fro mating with each other and ultimately causes their lineage to speciate.
Although the two separate populations are unable to mate due to geographical factors, if the two populations are allowed to mate again, given that they have not been separated very long ago, they can give rise to hybrids.
Thus, in the given question it is given that polar bears and grizzly bears have been mated and hybrids have been produced and this points out to the fact that polar bears are result of allopatric speciation.
Most fish rise and sink using this method, but not all do. Some species don't need a swim bladder because they spend all their life skimming along the ocean floor. Other fish, such as rays and sharks, ascend and descend by propelling themselves forward.
Although louis was a great scientist who made contributions to the cell theory postulating that cells come from preexisting cells, he was a renowned and father of microbiology. He proved that diseases are caused by microorganisms, developed the first vaccine and provided logical ground knowledge on fermentation and brewing.
