Answer:
The correct answer is option D, that is, bottleneck effect.
Explanation:
A phenomenon, which occurs due to events like earthquakes, floods, or other natural calamities that result in the severe declination in the size of a particular population is known as the bottleneck effect. The bottleneck effect is an extreme illustration of genetic drift that results in the reduction of a population's genetic variability.
With the decline in the size of a specific population, a reduction in the genetic variability of the same population is witnessed due to the loss of alleles. This eventually makes the population vulnerable to pollution and diseases. Hence, the given case is an example of the bottleneck effect.
Primary succession occurs at places where there was no vegetation or life before, usually places such as lava or places where glaciers were. Secondary occurs at places that have already previously been colonized, but the habitat was somehow disturbed or damaged.
Answer:
Subunit Vaccines. Instead of the entire pathogen, subunit vaccines include only the components, or antigens, that best stimulate the immune system.
Explanation: