The immune system fights off the pathogen by Leukocytes also known as white blood cells. When a pathogen enters the body the immune system becomes alert to it and sends out sends out the Phagocytes (a type of Leukocytes) which engulfs the pathogens.
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Answer: Public health measures such as pure food and water, and development of immunizations against many serious diseases such as polio and smallpox, coupled with enhanced economic conditions, are together credited with substantial reductions in the burden of infectious diseases.
C. Loss of calcium.
Kwashiorkor is a protein malnutrition.
Marasmus is a protein deficiency.
Loss of Vitamin C is just Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy or scorbutus.