Answer:
Extinction
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Explanation:
EXTINCTION
Extinction in Operant conditioning is the removal of a stimulus that was reinforcing a response. Mrs. Collora decided to ignore the two boys and in effect try to stop reinforcing the boys' behavior by refusing to engage with them hoping that they would stop.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
This is a situation where stimuli is ADDED to situations to encourage a certain behavior. By offering the boys encouragement and rewards for participation, Mrs. Collora is positively reinforcing them.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
This is a situation where a stimulus is removed to reduce/deter a behavior. Mrs. Collora REMOVED the boys' opportunities to participate in field trips.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
In this situation, a stimulus that is not liked or desirable is added to reduce a behavior. Mrs. Collora made the boys write essays on proper behavior which is not a desirable thing to most High Schoolers.
The reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in group is called social loafing. Social loafing is when person who is part of some group not invest enough effort and she is not motivated to achieve a common goal. This type of people are more productive when they work alone.
Answer:
The voyage contributed to Europeans' knowledge of the universe and has marked the worlds of space exploration and astronomy to this day. [ While crossing the Magellan Strait, the explorer and his crew observed two galaxies visible to the naked eye from the southern hemisphere, now known as the Magellanic Clouds. Ferdinand Magellan was the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. ... Because he was a great navigational leader, was firm and not cruel to his inexperienced crew, and because he fought for his beliefs, Magellan was worth defending. Magellan was not worth defending because he was cruel, unprepared, and he put the crew in danger. The first out of many reasons Magellan was not worth defending was because he was cruel. The first way Magellan was cruel was because he was selfish.
Explanation:
www.voanews.com/science-health/500-years-how-magellans-voyage-changed-world
This was Tenochtitlan, which is was turned into today's Mexico City after the conquest.
Tenochtitlan was the Aztec capital, located on an island on the lake Texcoco, which was drained and where today's Mexico City is located.
The last one. Rutherford B. Hayes
