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3 years ago

When the Constitution was adopted in 1789, why was the federal government granted the authority to raise taxes?

Business

1 answer:

Gelneren [198K]3 years ago

7 0

Answer: Debt Payment, National Defense and Welfare of the United States

Explanation:

When the Articles of the Confederation which was the first Constitution of the United States was ratified in 1781, it included a clause that empowered the State Governments to decide what to give to Congress. Some of them gave less and some gave nothing of what they were supposed to give.

Congress was therefore powerless and risked falling apart and with it, the Central Government.

The Constitution of 1789 changed this by including the 'Taxing and Spending' clause.

This clause gave Congress the right to impose taxes. The clause states that Congress can levy taxes to enable it to pay off American debt as well as for the defense and general welfare of American citizens.

You might be interested in

Does anybody know how to calculate early start early finish late start Late finish and slack?

KatRina [158]

Answer:All about Early Start, Early Finish, Late Start and Late Finish

This topic is very important from PMP exam perspective. You must expect a question or two based on the calculations of Early Start and Finish and Late Start and Finish.

Also, before we get into the details, it is very important that you have the understanding of the previous concepts that build up this topic, specifically the 3 listed below,

Network Diagrams

Critical Path

Float / Slack

Now, we already know that Float or Slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without impacting the project end date. But the early start or early finish and late start or late finish numbers can actually show you how much freedom you really have.

Early Start – The earliest time that an activity can start

Early Finish – The earliest time that an activity can finish

Late Start – The latest time that an activity can start

Late Finish – The latest time that an activity can finish

Each activity in Network Diagram is represented as below,

Explanation:

6 0

2 years ago

You are given the following information on Parrothead Enterprises: Debt: 9,200 6.4 percent coupon bonds outstanding, with 23 yea

valina [46]

Answer:

8.57%

Explanation:

value of debt = $1,000 x 9,200 x 1.045 = $9,614,000

YTM = {32 + [($1,000 - $1,045)/46]} / [($1,000 + $1,045)/2] = 31.02/ 1,022.50 = 3.034% x 2 = 6.07%

value of common stock = 235,000 x $64.70 = $15,204,500

Re = 3.7% + 0.92(11.8% - 3.7%) = 11.15%

value of preferred stocks = 8,200 x $94.20 = $772,440

cost of preferred stocks = 4.6 / 94.2 = 5.46%

total value = $25,590,940

common stocks = 0.594

debt = 0.376

preferred stocks = 0.03

WACC = (0.594 x 11.15%) + (0.03 x 5.46%) + (0.376 x 6.07% x 0.78) = 6.6231% + 0.1638% + 1.78% = 8.57%

7 0

4 years ago

1. A new furnace for your small factory will cost $27,000 to install and will require ongoing maintenance expenditures of $1,500

Marina CMI [18]

Answer:

payback 3.29 years

NPV 87,158.55

Explanation:

PO 27,000

Cash flow saving Y1

2400 x 3.5 = 8,400

expenditures (1,500)

net savings 6,900

Cash flow saving Y2

The price will increase 0.5

6,900 + 2,400 x 0.5 = 8,100

Cash flow saving Y3 to Y20

The price will increase 0.5

8,100 + 2,400 x 0.5 = 9,300

We have an annuity of 18 years for 9,300 cash

And then we have a cash flow of 6,900

and another of 8,100

$C \times \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\$

C = 9,300

r = 8%

time = 18

$9,300 \times \frac{1-(1+0.08)^{-18} }{0.08} = PV\\$

PV = 87,158.55

Now this values are years into the future, so we need to bring them to present day.

$\frac{Principal}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV$

year 1 principal 6,900

6,900/1.08 = 6,388.89

year 2 principal 8,100

$\frac{8,100}{(1 + 0.08)^{2} } = PV$

PV= 5,915.64

year 3 annuity 87,158.55

$\frac{87,158.55}{(1 + 0.08)^{3} } = PV$

PV= 69,189.27

cash flow - investment = net present value

69,189.27 + 5,915.64 + 6,388.89 - 27,000 = 54,493.8

The payback will be the time perdion when the project recovers it initial cost:

we first add the income from the irregular years and subtract from the investment

6,900 + 8,100 = 15,000

27,000 - 15,000 = 12,000

then we use the general formula investment/cash flow per year

12,000/9,300 = 1.29

the project need the first two years and then 1.29 years

2 + 1.29 = 3.29 years

6 0

4 years ago

Bassett Corporation has two production departments, Milling and Customizing. The company uses a job-order costing system and com

Ludmilka [50]

Answer:

a. $6,763.40

Explanation:

The computation of the selling price is shown below:

But before that the predetermined overhead rate is

For machining

= ($102000 ÷ 17,000) + $1.70

= $7.7 per machine hour

For fabrication

= ($61200 ÷ 6000) + $4.10

= $14.30 per labour hour

Now the selling price is

Direct material ($720 + $380) $1,100

Direct labor ($900 + $1,500) $2,400

Machining department overhead (7.7 × 80) $616

Fabrication department overhead (50 × 14.3) $715

Total manufacturing cost $4,831

Markup 40% $1,932.40

Selling price $6,763.40

8 0

3 years ago

MBO works by objectives moving through the organization; that is, top managers set general organizational objectives, which are

Marina CMI [18]

Answer:

Cascade down.

Explanation:

MBO means Management by Objectives.

Is a program that encompasses:

-specifict goals

-participatetively set

-for an explicit time period

-with feedback on goal progress

MBO operationalizes the concept of objectives by devising a process by which objectives cascade down through the organization.

The result is a hierarchy of objectives that links objectives at one level to those at the next level.

For individual employee, MBO provides specific personal performance objectives.

The cascade down of objectives is:

1 Overall organizational objectives

2 Divisional objectives

3 Departamental objectives

4 Individual objectives

4 0

3 years ago