Edward Tolman's is the correct answer.
Edward Tolman was an American psychologist and a famous professor who made contributions to the Psychology studies. Through a serie of researches with rats, Edward Tolman was able to develop the Latent Learning in both animals and humans. He argued that people are constantly learning even when they don't make great effort to it. When we drive or walk the same route home everyday, we learn the location of different buildings, places, and objects. If, for some reason, we're unable of taking the route we're used to take, we will have no problem finding a different one to get home.
Answer:
Under the Articles, the states, not Congress, had the power to tax. Congress could raise money only by asking the states for funds, borrowing from foreign governments, and selling western lands. In addition, Congress could not draft soldiers or regulate trade.
1. soil characteristics
2. how far away the closest untouched ecosystems are
3. the habitat's remaining species
4. the presence of fungi as soil symbionts
Ecological succession refers to the process of changing in an ecological community's species composition through time. The time frame might span several decades or fewer (for instance, following a wildfire).
The community grows through an increase in complexity from a small number of pioneer plants and animals to a stable or self-sustaining climax community. The effects of established species on their own settings serve as the "engine" of succession and the reason why ecosystems evolve. Living has the effect of changing one's surroundings, sometimes subtly and sometimes blatantly.
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Answer:
Predictive validity.
Explanation:
As the exercise suggests with the Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) scoring system; the predictive validity is a way of calculating how a determined score on a test predicts scores on a certain criterion measure. In other words, this is a correlation between tests and ratings; as shown in the example provided by the exercise: "Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course".
The correct option is 1) Density-dependent.
<h3>What is reason for the decline in the caribou population?</h3>
The major causing for the decline in the caribou population are the hunting, disease, diminished food availability, and climate change.
Caribou depends on the food and habitat resources of the Arctic ecosystem which has been destroyed by the human disturbance.
Increasing number of other large carnivores also impacted the population of the caribou.
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