During meiosis, chromosomes are replicated once in S phase (just like mitosis) into sister chromatids, but the cell divides twice. As with mitosis, the first step in this process is DNA replication, so that each of the 46 chromosomes exists as a duplicated sister chromatid.
I am 99% the answer is A. Darwin did not discover Archaea, Evolution does NOT happen in a straight line, and variation is totally different than evolution.
