Which individual can use the head of household filing status?

_____ refer(s) to fiscal policy that is caused by the deliberate action by policy makers rather than rules. Please choose the co

Inessa05 [86]

Answer: Discretionary fiscal policy

Explanation: Discretionary fiscal policy is a tool of fiscal policy used by the government to expand or shrink the economy as per the need. While performing such policy the government changes the level of tax collection or the amount of expenditure done on the economy.

It is a deliberate action by the policy makers and do not automatically accelerates while during inflation or deflation.

5 0

3 years ago

Arizona Desert Homes (ADH) constructed a new subdivision during 2017 and 2018 under contract with Cactus Development Co. Relevan

kipiarov [429]

Answer:

The Journal entry is as follows:

Construction in progress A/c Dr. $950,000

Cost of construction A/c Dr. $1,600,000

To revenue from long term contracts $2,550,000

(To record the revenue in 2018)

Workings:

Cost of construction:

= cost of 2017 + cost of 2018

= $1,100,000 + $500,000

= $1,600,000

4 0

3 years ago

Suppose you have been hired as a financial consultant to Defense Electronics, Inc. (DEI), a large, publicly traded firm that is

Setler79 [48]

Answer:

Initial Cash Flow at Time 0 = -(Appraised Value of Land + Cost of Building Plant and Equipment + Net Working Capital)

Substituting values in the above formula, we get,

Initial Cash Flow at Time 0 = -(6,000,000 + 32,600,000 + 1,475,000) = -$40,075,000 (answer for Part a)

_____

Part b)

Step 1: Calculate Weights of Different Sources of Finance

Market Value of Debt = Number of Bonds*Par Value*Current Selling Price Percentage = 245,000*1,000*105% = $257,250,000

Market Value of Common Stock = Number of Shares*Current Selling Price = 9,500,000*73.10 = $694,450,000

Market Value of Preferred Stock = Number of Shares*Current Selling Price = 465,000*83 = $38,595,000

Total Market Value of Firm = Market Value of Debt + Market Value of Common Stock + Market Value of Preferred Stock = 257,250,000 + 694,450,000 + 38,595,000 = $990,295,000

Now, we can calculate weights as follows:

Weight of Debt = Market Value of Debt/Total Market Value of Firm = 257,250,000/990,295,000

Weight of Equity = Market Value of Equity/Total Market Value of Firm = 694,450,000/990,295,000

Weight of Preferred Stock = Market Value of Preferred Stock/Total Market Value of Firm = 38,595,000/990,295,000

_____

Step 2: Calculate After-Tax Cost of Debt

The after-tax cost of debt can be calculated with the use of Rate function/formula of EXCEL/Financial Calculator. The function/formula for Rate is Rate(Nper,PMT,-PV,FV) where Nper = Period, PMT = Payment (here, Coupon Payment), PV = Present Value (here, Current Selling Price) and FV = Future Value (here, Face Value of Bonds).

Here, Nper = 23*2 = 46, PMT = 1,000*6%*1/2 = $30, PV = 1,000*105% = $1,050 and FV = $1,000

Using these values in the above function/formula for Rate, we get,

Pre-Tax Cost of Debt = Rate(46,30,-1050,1000)*2 = 5.61%

After-Tax Cost of Debt = Pre-Tax Cost of Debt*(1-Tax Rate) = 5.61%*(1-22%) = 4.38%

______

Step 3: Calculate Cost of Preferred Stock

The cost of preferred stock is determined as below:

Cost of Preferred Stock = Annual Dividend/Current Stock Price*100 = (3.8%*100)/83*100 = 4.58%

______

Step 4: Calculate Cost of Equity

The cost of equity is arrived as below:

Cost of Equity = Risk Free Rate + Beta*(Market Risk Premium) = 2.9% + 1.2*(6%) = 10.10%

Calculate Discount Rate

The value of discount rate is calculated as follows:

Discount Rate = (Weight of Debt*After-Tax Cost of Debt + Weight of Preferred Stock*Cost of Preferred Stock + Weight of Equity*Cost of Equity) + Appropriate Risk Adjustment Factor

Substituting values in the above formula, we get,

Discount Rate = (257,250,000/990,295,000*4.38% + 38,595,000/990,295,000*4.58% + 694, 450,000/990,295,000*10.10%) + 1.5% = 9.90% (answer for Part b)

The after-tax salvage value of the plant is arrived as below:

Annual Depreciation = Cost of Plant and Equipment/Useful Life = 32,600,000/8 = $4,075,000

Book Value of Plant and Equipment After 5 Years = Cost of Plant and Equipment - Annual Depreciation*5 = 32,600,000 - 4,075,000*5 = $12,225,000

Loss on Sale of Plant and Equipment = Book Value of Plant and Equipment After 5 Years - Salvage Value = 12,225,000 - 5,200,000 = $7,025,000

After-Tax Salvage Value = Salvage Value + Loss on Sale of Plant and Equipment*Tax Rate = 5,200,000 + 7,025,000*22% = $6,745,500 (answer for Part c)

The annual operating cash flow (OCF) is determined as follows:

Sales Value (19,550*11,070) 216,418,500

Less Variable Costs (19,550*9,700) 189,635,000

Fixed Costs 7,500,000

Depreciation 4,075,000

EBT 15,208,500

Less Taxes 3,345,870

EAT 11,862,630

Add Depreciation 4,075,000

Operating Cash Flow $15,937,630

Answer for Part d) is $15,937,630.

The accounting break-even quantity is calculated as follows:

Accounting Break-Even Quantity = (Fixed Cost + Depreciation)/(Selling Price - Variable Cost)

Substituting values in the above formula, we get,

Accounting Break-Even Quantity = (7,500,000 + 4,075,000)/(11,070 - 9,700) = 8,449 units (answer for Part e)

IRR

IRR is the minimum rate of return acceptable from a project. It can be calculated with the use of IRR function/formula of EXCEL/Financial Calculator. The basic formula for calculating IRR is given below:

NPV = 0 = Cash Flow Year 0 + Cash Flow Year 1/(1+IRR)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2/(1+IRR)^2 + Cash Flow Year 3/(1+IRR)^3 + Cash Flow Year 4/(1+IRR)^4 + Cash Flow Year 5/(1+IRR)^5

IRR is calculated with the use of EXCEL as below:

Year Cash Flow 0 -40075000 15937630 15937630 15937630 15937630 30558130 33.16% 4 6 4 IRR 10

where

IRR = RR(B2:B7) = 33.16%

NPV

The NPV can be calculated with the use of following formula:

NPV = Cash Flow Year 0 + Cash Flow Year 1/(1+Discount Rate)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2/(1+Discount Rate)^2 + Cash Flow Year 3/(1+Discount Rate)^3 + Cash Flow Year 4/(1+Discount Rate)^4 + Cash Flow Year 5/(1+Discount Rate)^5

Substituting values in the above formula, we get,

NPV = -40,075,000 + 15,937,630/(1+9.90%)^1 + 15,937,630/(1+9.90%)^2 + 15,937,630/(1+9.90%)^3 + 15,937,630/(1+9.90%)^4 + (15,937,630 + 6,745,500 + 1,475,000 + 6,400,000)/(1+9.90%)^5 = $29,619,521.66

6 0

3 years ago

Two economists estimate the government expenditure multiplier and come up with different results. One estimates the multiplier a

GaryK [48]

Answer: (B)

Compared to the first economist, the second economist must be assuming either a smaller induced increase in consumption, a larger crowding out effect, or both.

Explanation:

First of all, I'll like to explain some terms:

- Government Expenditure Multiplier is an index or figure showing the percentage by which Gross domestic product (GDP) will increase, when Government Expenditure increases; all other kinds of expenditure held constant

- the GDP equation is

GDP= C + I + G + (X-M)

Where C = consumption expenditure (by individuals)

I = investment expenditure (by firms)

G = government expenditure

(X-M) = international trade (export-import) expenditure

- If we hold other independent variables constant and measure the government expenditure multiplier, we will derive the index that shows the amount by which an increase in G will increase GDP.

Now to the question;

Crowding out effect means an act by the government to purchase so much more domestic goods and services than they previously purchased.

This is done deliberately by the government for various reasons: to boost the economy, to provide social welfare goods, and to kick-start national projects.

It is called "crowding out" because these huge government purchases limit private sector purchases.

If the 2nd economist assumes a larger crowding out effect, that means greater government expenditure, then this rhymes with the higher GM (government expenditure multiplier) that his estimate produces. GM of 1.25 means that a percent increase in G will increase GDP by 25%.

On the other hand, Economist 1's estimate of 0.75 implies a 25% decrease in GDP (coming from a decrease in G), which explains his part of option B. He (economist 1) is assuming a lesser crowding out effect.

If we add the assumption of Economist 2 that there'll be smaller induced increase in consumption, it follows that C will have a less positive impact on GDP.

If we combine both changes in C and G, we also have G producing more increase in GDP.

You are welcome.

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of the working class, passes a law setting a minimum wage that is 10 perc

zlopas [31]

Answer:

hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question

A ) $7.766

B ) 4350 workers

C ) 61777.20