Someone help please :)

What characteristic is unique to echinoderms?

sveta [45]

They have 5 legs or arms with a central part in the middle.

8 0

4 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Alcohol fermentation definition

Vinvika [58]

: a process in which some sugars (as glucose) are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various yeasts, molds, or bacteria on carbohydrate materials (as dough or sugar solutions) some of which do not themselves undergo fermentation but can be hydrolyzed into fermentable substances (as in the production of alcohol and alcoholic beverages)

8 0

4 years ago

On the pH scale, a 7 indicates _____. <br> a base<br> an acid<br> neutrality

Bingel [31]

It would b Neutral,under 7 is acidic,higher than 7 is base

4 0

3 years ago

Biological membranes are present in all cells, and in eukaryotic cells they also form the endomembrane system. They act as gatek

ELEN [110]

Answer:

A bilayer containing lipids with hydrophilic head groups facing the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm, and hydrophobic tail groups extending inward.

Proteins and Lipids

The biological membrane bilayer is held together by non covalent interactions.

Explanation:

The structure of the biological membrane is such that the major components found in this membranes are phospholipids although other components are present including various proteins, glycolipids etc. These phospholipids forms a bilayer (two layer) and each phospholipid has an hydrophilic head group (which is attracted to the fluidic environment both extracellular and cytosolic environment) and a hydrophobic tail (which is insolube in both environment). the arrangement is such that the hydrophilic heads of both bilayer that love water faces these two envirionments while the hydrophobic tails of both layers extend towards each other.

The biological membrane bilayer is held together by non covalent bonds. the proteins and lipid molecules in the bilayer are held together by this non covalent bonds including van der waals forces which also holds the hydrophobic tails together. the hydrogen bonds bind the hydrophilic heads with water allowing for the stabilization of the structure.

7 0

4 years ago

Use your codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence. DNA CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA T

adelina 88 [10]

Answer: 1.) Protein: Met-Cys-Ala-Ser-His-Ala-Ile-Arg-Tyr

2.) Protein: Met-Glu-Asn-Cys-Ser-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Thr

3.) Protein: Met-Glu-Pro-Leu-Ile-Cys-Ala-Thr-Glu-Ala-Thr

4.) protein: Met-Asp-Arg-Ile

5.) protein: Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Ile-Phe-Glu

6.) protein: Met-Glu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Asn

7.) protein: Met-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser

8.) Protein: Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser

Explanation: To produce a protein, genes from DNA have to be transcripted into RNA-messenger. In other words, in transcription the DNA is rewritten with the RNA nucleotides. So, in this sense, nucleotide A from DNA pairs with nucleotide U for RNA; nucleotide T pairs with nucleotide A; nucleotide C with G and nucleotide G with C.

From the DNA sequences given, we have the following RNAm:

1.) DNA: CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA TCC ATA ATC

RNAm: GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA UGU GCC AAC GCU AGG UAU UAG

2.) DNA: AGA ACA TAA TAC CTC TTA ACA CTC TAA AGA CCA GCA CTC CGA TGA ACT GGA GCA

RNAm: UCU UGU AUU AUG GAG AAU UGU GAG AUU UCU GGU CGU GAG GCU ACU UGA CCU CGU

3.) DNA: TAC CTT GGG GAA TAT ACA CGC TGG CTT CGA TGA ATC CGT ACG GTA CTC GCC ATC

RNAm: AUG GAA CCC CUU AUA UGU GCG ACC GAA GCU ACU UAG GCA UGC CAU GAG CGG UAG

4.) DNA: TAA ACT CGG TAC CTA GCT TAG ATC TAA TTA CCC ATC

RNAm: AUU UGA GCC AUG GAU CGA AUC UAG AUU AAU GGG UAG

5.) DNA: CTA TTA CGA TAC TAG AGC GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC ATC

RNAm: GAU AAU GCU AUG AUC UCG CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG UAG

6.) DNA: TAC CTT AGT TAT CCA TTG ACT CGA ATT GTG CGC TTG CTG ATC

RNAm: AUG GAA UCA AUA GGU AAC UGA GCU UAA CAC GCG AAC GAC UAG

7.) DNA: ACC CGA TAC CTC TCT TAT AGC ATT ACA AAC CTC CGA GCG

RNAm: UGG GCU AUG GAG AGA AUA UCG UAA UGU UUG GAG GCU CGC

8.) DNA: TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC

RNAm: AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG

With the RNAm, its sequence is translated into a sequence of aminoacids. This process happens by reading a group of 3 nucleotides, named codon. Each codon is specific for 1 aminoacids. The translation begins with codon AUG, which is the start codon and ends with another specific codon.

The correspondence of codon and specific aminoacids or stop signal is called genetic code and there is a table we can use to produce the sequence of aminoacids.

The translation process will be:

1.) RNAm: GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA UGU GCC AAC GCU AGG UAU UAG

protein: Met-Cys-Ala-Ser-His-Ala-Ile-Arg-Tyr

2.) RNAm: UCU UGU AUU AUG GAG AAU UGU GAG AUU UCU GGU CGU GAG GCU ACU UGA CCU CGU

protein: Met-Glu-Asn-Cys-Ser-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Thr

3.) RNAm: AUG GAA CCC CUU AUA UGU GCG ACC GAA GCU ACU UAG GCA UGC CAU GAG CGG UAG

protein: Met-Glu-Pro-Leu-Ile-Cys-Ala-Thr-Glu-Ala-Thr

4.) RNAm: AUU UGA GCC AUG GAU CGA AUC UAG AUU AAU GGG UAG

protein: Met-Asp-Arg-Ile

5.) RNAm: GAU AAU GCU AUG AUC UCG CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG UAG

protein: Met-Ile-Ser-Leu-Ile-Phe-Glu

6.) RNAm: AUG GAA UCA AUA GGU AAC UGA GCU UAA CAC GCG AAC GAC UAG

protein: Met-Glu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Asn

7.) RNAm: UGG GCU AUG GAG AGA AUA UCG UAA UGU UUG GAG GCU CGC

protein: Met-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser

8.) RNAm: AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG

protein: Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser

The codon chart used is in the attachment.

4 0

3 years ago