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Margarita [4]
3 years ago
12

an organism that uses that uses hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy is categorized as which of the following ​

Biology
1 answer:
Shkiper50 [21]3 years ago
8 0
In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis. Chemoautotrophs, organisms that obtain carbon through chemosynthesis, are phylogenetically diverse, but also groups that include conspicuous or biogeochemically-important taxa include the sulfur-oxidizing gamma and epsilon proteobacteria, the Aquificae, the methanogenic archaea and the neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria.

Many microorganisms in dark regions of the oceans use chemosynthesis to produce biomass from single carbon molecules. Two categories can be distinguished. In the rare sites at which hydrogen molecules (H2) are available, the energy available from the reaction between CO2 and H2 (leading to production of methane, CH4) can be large enough to drive the production of biomass. Alternatively, in most oceanic environments, energy for chemosynthesis derives from reactions in which substances such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia are oxidized. This may occur with or without the presence of oxygen.

Many chemosynthetic microorganisms are consumed by other organisms in the ocean, and symbiotic associations between chemosynthesizers and respiring heterotrophs are quite common. Large populations of animals can be supported by chemosynthetic secondary production at hydrothermal vents, methane clathrates, cold seeps, whale falls, and isolated cave water.

It has been hypothesized that chemosynthesis may support life below the surface of Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, and other planets.[1] Chemosynthesis may have also been the first type of metabolism that evolved on Earth, leading the way for cellular respiration and photosynthesis to develop later.

That’s probs to much
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The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells that occurs during contraction is due primarily to the persisten
luda_lava [24]

Answer:

The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion

Explanation:

The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.

The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺  must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:

  1. The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  2. Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
  3. The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.

This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.

Learn more:

Calcium, sodium and cardiac muscle cells brainly.com/question/4473795

4 0
3 years ago
After 3 half lives how much of a radioactive substance will remain<br> 1/16<br> 1/4<br> 1/2<br> 1/8
anyanavicka [17]
1/2 of a radioactive substance will remain after 3 half lives.
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Scilla [17]

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Toxic Algae Blooms

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Is a mushroom a scavenger, a decomposer, a plant, it all of these?
stealth61 [152]
Although it depends on the breed of fungi, you're answer is going to be *C. a Decomposer*

I hope this helps! :)
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