In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis. Chemoautotrophs, organisms that obtain carbon through chemosynthesis, are phylogenetically diverse, but also groups that include conspicuous or biogeochemically-important taxa include the sulfur-oxidizing gamma and epsilon proteobacteria, the Aquificae, the methanogenic archaea and the neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria.
Many microorganisms in dark regions of the oceans use chemosynthesis to produce biomass from single carbon molecules. Two categories can be distinguished. In the rare sites at which hydrogen molecules (H2) are available, the energy available from the reaction between CO2 and H2 (leading to production of methane, CH4) can be large enough to drive the production of biomass. Alternatively, in most oceanic environments, energy for chemosynthesis derives from reactions in which substances such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia are oxidized. This may occur with or without the presence of oxygen.
Many chemosynthetic microorganisms are consumed by other organisms in the ocean, and symbiotic associations between chemosynthesizers and respiring heterotrophs are quite common. Large populations of animals can be supported by chemosynthetic secondary production at hydrothermal vents, methane clathrates, cold seeps, whale falls, and isolated cave water.
It has been hypothesized that chemosynthesis may support life below the surface of Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, and other planets.[1] Chemosynthesis may have also been the first type of metabolism that evolved on Earth, leading the way for cellular respiration and photosynthesis to develop later.
Chemical- contains nutrients and vitamins that the body needs to survive and sustain . For example water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, in which life wouldn't be without oxygen
physical- water is naturally clear and pure free from artificial processing and colors which positively caters to the healthy look of a person
rDNA is using genetic cloning to form DNA molecules from different species. in this example you can make the hormone insulin by getting some of the components from one organism and getting the remainder from another organism. Specifically, Insulin has 2 amine chains, so you can get 1 amine chain from one organism, and the other from a different one. Then you can combine them and you'll get insulin.
Plants go through a process called photosynthesis where they take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (as well as water and sunlight), and they turn it into oxygen (so we can breathe) and glucose (sugar)!
