Type II error is called false negative, that mean that you say the null hypothesis is right when it is not. In this case, the null hypothesis is "the drug is not safe". Then the error should be <span>to conclude the drug is safe when in, fact, it is unsafe</span>.
The first question's answer is A Cultural
I believe the answer to question 2 is
d. 800 calories
this would include soft drinks and other liquid beverages that are not 100% juice.
I believe it is Amy's, because you said Amy's target heart rate zone is 140bpm -- 186bpm. Thus, Amy's is higher