Extrinsic motivation results when the desire to do something comes from obtaining a reward or avoiding an undesirable consequence; intrinsic motivation results when the desire to do something comes from within. Hence, options D: extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation are correct.
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What is extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?</h3>
Extrinsic motivation is that type of motivation in which reward-driven behavior is the norm. In this kind of motivation, rewards are given to one another, and they are tangible in the form of money, grades, and many more. Sometimes they are intangible as well, like praise, fame, and many more.
Intrinsic motivation can be defined as a kind of behavior that arises from within. It is that motivation which is self-driven and given for self-satisfaction.
The complete question is attached in image form.
Thus, options D: extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, are correct.
Learn more about Intrinsic motivation from here:
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The answer to which psychologist believed unconscious conflicts during the first five years of life is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud, Freud established the psychoanalytic theory of personality development, which argued that personality is formed through conflicts among three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
According to your question, there are only two parts to be answered, a) and b).
Being that the case, we can comment on the following.
A) This is an observational study and not an experiment because the research was only limited to observation, participants never receive any kind of treatment or another interaction to experiment with them.
B) Who were the subjects of the study?
The subjects of this study were women aged 65 and older who were tracked for several years. The observation revealed that those women who had a vitamin B12 deficiency were twice as likely to suffer severe depression as those who did not.
So, according to the American Journal of Psychology, these were the women observed during the study. There were no more experiments, interactions, or activities applied to them in order to consider it an experiment.
Let's remember that in order to consider an experiment as such, there has to be another component of the study, and the experimental part of it that has to be tested and proved passing the scientific method to conclude in something valid.
