In classical conditioning, the Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) after it reliably signals the impending occurrence of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US).
The conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus (NS) that - after being repeatedly presented before the unconditioned stimulus - evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus (US).
For example, a cat staring at a can of food (unconditioned stimulus) reacts differently to the sound of a can opener being struck on any surface (neutral stimulus). But if you condition a cat to believe that striking a can opener on any surface signals it will eat a can of food, the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
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Answer: 0.25
Explanation:
The The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated when the total liabilities of w company is divided a by the shareholder equity while the book-to-market ratio is used to know a company's value by comparing the book value of the company to its market value.
Since the firm has a debt-to-equity ratio of .5 and a market-to-book ratio of 2. The ratio of the book value of debt to the market value of equity will be:
= 0.5/2
= 0.25
Federal unemployment tax (FUTA) , state unemployment tax(SUTA), and charitable contributions are not required payroll deductions from an employee's gross earnings.
Gross pay is the total quantum of plutocrat a hand receives before levies and deductions are taken out. For illustration, when an employer pays you an periodic payment of$,000 per time, this means you have earned$,000 in gross pay.
Gross payment is calculated by adding an hand's introductory payment and allowances previous to making deductions, including levies. Then, a introductory payment is the base income of an hand or the fixed part of one's compensation package. Provident Fund isn't taken into account while inferring the gross salary.Gross income is everything that an existent earns during one time, both as a worker and as an investor. Earned income includes only stipend, commissions, lagniappes, and business income, minus charges, if the person is tone-employed.
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