France, Germany, Italy, and England made up the majority of the “Western Crusaders”.
Answer: FINRA’s National Adjudicatory Council (NAC)
Explanation:
Decisions made by the Department of Enforcement may be appealed to FINRA’s National Adjudicatory Council (NAC).
The NAC is the national committee established to recheck or review initial pronouncements or decisions made in FINRA’s Department of Enforcements proceedings.
An individual or firm is given the right to appeal a hearing panel decision to the NAC under FINRA's disciplinary procedures. Sometimes the NAC may initiate a review of a decision on its own.
In the process of appeal, the NAC will evaluate whether the hearing panel's findings are right in legal context or not and in accordance with FINRA's Sanction Guidelines.
During a panel decision is on appeal, the sanction of the former proceeding on an individual or firm is not enforced.
However, an individual or firm can further appeal FINRA's decision to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and then to federal court.
<span>What was the principal effect of the decision on the operation of the national judiciary? The Judiciary Branch has taken sole role of being the 'interpreter of the constitution and laws. The courts now possessed the power to determine the validity of Congress’ laws and revoke them as they determined necessary. </span>
Answer:
valid.
Explanation:
Valid is something effective, legally binding or able to withstand objection.
In deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas. The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
An argument is a set of statements expressing the premises and an evidence-based conclusion.
