The correct example about the relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is interaction of the endocrine and nervous system. Hence, Option A is correct.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
It is a complex system which is under hormonal control. Hormones are released by the glands and it cordinates body functions from metabolism to growth and development.
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
It is a complex system consisting of organised group of cells called neurons that carry messages from brain and spinal cord to other various body parts.
As PTTH (prothoracicotropic hormone) stimulates prothoracic gland of an insect that triggers the release of ecdysone hormone for the stimulation there should be an neuroendocrine mechanism. Thus, Option A is correct.
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The answer is generation and propagation of action potential.
Na+ channels are important for generation and propagation of action potential. In normal neurons, when neurons hit threshold and action potential is triggered, the Na+ channels open and Na+ ions enter the neuron. After the depolarization of membrane, Na+ channels inactivate. Thus, w<span>ithout Na+ channels, neurons would not be able to depolarize and consequently, the action potential would not be generated.
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A postzygotic barrier is the sort of reproductive barrier that prevents the hybrids from reproducing after a lion and a tiger mate and create offspring.
<h3>What does the biological term replicate mean?</h3>
Reproduction is the process of producing descendants. The two basic types of reproduction are sexual and asexual. A sexually reproducing organism is genetically different and has the genetic information of both of its mothers. Genetically identical children are produced through asexual reproduction by having each parent repeat itself.
<h3>What is the name of the reproductive process?</h3>
Reproduction is the process by which new individual creatures, or "offspring," are produced from the "parent" or "parents" (or procreation or breeding). Reproduction is a fundamental element of all known life, and it is the reason that every single organism exists.
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Answer:
Allele frequency
Normal allele 
Mutant r allele 
Genotype frequency
Homozygous normal bugs 
Homozygous mutant bug 
Heterozygous normal bug with one mutant r allele and one normal allele 
Explanation:
It is given that 99% of the bugs were killed after the spray of pyrethrum. This suggests that 1% of the bugs that were not killed must be homozygous for the mutant type allele "r"
Thus, the frequency of homozygous "rr" species i.e 
From this we can evaluate the frequency of mutant "r" allele.
Thus, 
As per Hardy-Weinberg first equilibrium equation, 
Substituting the value of q in above equation, we get
Thus, the frequency of homozygous normal bug is equal to
As per Hardy-Weinberg second equilibrium equation-
Substituting all the available values we get -
Allele frequency
Normal allele
Mutant r allele
Genotype frequency
Homozygous normal bugs
Homozygous mutant bug
Heterozygous normal bug with one mutant r allele and one normal allele
