Answer:
a. Economic vulnerability
Explanation:
Economic vulnerability is when people risk losing their jobs, assets and money. its direct losses are interruption of businesses ,loss of productive workforce and indirect losses include long term economic losses.
Social vulnerability is the extent to which a social system is able to respond favourably or unfavourably to the exposure of sudden shock.It s direct losses are loss of income , employment, homelessness. It indirect losses are disease, permanent disability, loss of social cohesion due to disruption of community.
Answer:
Emotion-focused coping
Explanation:
Charlie hates taking exams. He spends the week before finals biting his nails, sleeping poorly, and worrying. He tries to distract himself by watching funny movies the night before the exam. This is an example of <u>emotion focused coping</u>.
Emotion focused coping is a coping strategy which involves the regulation of emotional responses to stressors by attempting to reduce negative emotions/reactions to stress. This method helps individuals exposed to stress to build emotional resistance to such stress.
There are two types of emotional focused coping which includes; positive emotional-focused coping, e.g. reframing, journaling, positive thinking, cognitive distortion and meditation and negative emotional-focused coping which includes; denial, supression, and avoidance.
Charlie distracting himself by watching movies is mostly consistent with avoidance approach to emotion-focused coping.
Answer:
Prior to European colonization in the late 19th century, Africa had a very long history of state building as well as a rich variety of social formations that were decentralized or stateless. Some of the first examples of state formation in human history developed in the Nile River valley in the 4th millennium BCE. Nevertheless, during most of Africa’s precolonial history, a significant portion of African people lived in small-scale, egalitarian societies in which government was more a matter of consensus among the entire adult population than rule by an elite few. One of the major contributions that historians of precolonial Africa have made is to demonstrate the enormous variety and complexity of precolonial African political systems and to challenge the notion that political complexity only exists in centralized states.
Explanation:
