Marie Tharp helped transform our understanding of the world during an era when women were first banned, then largely ignored, in the sciences.
Explanation:
Cultural context is simply the situation or practice that is related to value and belief system of a place.
Therefore, the best description of the cultural context of the reading is option A because Marie Tharp helped change the way women were viewed and treated by the sciences and also transform the understanding of the world.
The quote means that to be a part of your community, you have to be like everyone else. If you are not like everyone else than the other people in the community will just ignore you or treat you as an outsider.
The answer is 'his hair turns grayer' - that is the physical change which took place in the spirit of Christmas present from when he first appears in the story to when he leaves.
