Answer: non-value added work: this are Job activities that do not add value to products and services but are necessary for the job. e.g An outdated method of doing a job.
Value added work: this are job activities, product or services a customer is willing to pay for. E.g a job done right at the first instance.
Explanation: 1. Non-value added work.
(f) officers waiting for a passenger to arrive.
(c) officers moving bins back to the beginning of the X-ray machines.
(e) officers putting bags in the X-ray machine for a second time in case they previously contained fluids.
Officer having to move bins back to the beginning of the the x-ray machine is obsolete and outdated because escalators can now do that, but it is necessary they do it. Having to put the bags back in the x-ray doesn't add value but is necessary for the job. Which is same as officers waiting for passengers arrival
2. Value added work.
(a) officers checking IDs.
(b) officers telling passengers to take off their shoes.
(d) officers looking at the screen of the X-ray machine.
What makes this jobs similar is that the activities are performed once, which adds value to work.
A majority opinion is your answer.
Overtime the court could change this view.
For example Brown vs. Board of Education overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson decsion. Check out www.oyez.org
Both of them had the power to make treaties with other countries.
The congress had the full power to establish a military department and to declare a war, but the president had the power to fully control how the military action is carried out since the president is also acting as the chief military.
Since both of them able to limit each others'influence in mobilizing military, we can say that they both share equal power within the military.
