The right answer is Light independent reactions require the energy gathered in the thylakoids.
* The dark phase corresponds to the phase of assimilation of CO2 which uses the energy molecules produced during the clear phase and which is carried out cyclically. This cycle is called the Calvin cycle and it takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
The assimilation of CO2 is done in four main stages, the first three of which take place within the Calvin cycle:
-CO2 fixation (carboxylation).
-Carbon reduction fixed.
-Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor.
-Synthesis of sugars.
* A thylakoid, or thylakoid membrane, in a chloroplast, is a flat membranous sac containing chlorophyll, or in other words, it is a cell membrane within the plant chloroplast that photosynthesizes. The thylakoid of a bacterium is also called the chromatophore.
A thylakoid is a membrane compartment within chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the place of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen (in the biological sense).
The first living things on Earth, single-celled micro-organisms<span> or microbes lacking a cell nucleus or cell membrane known as prokaryotes, seem to have </span>first<span> appeared on </span>Earth<span> almost four billion years ago, just a few hundred million years after the formation of the </span>Earth<span> itself.</span>
Including the arthropods (e.g., insects, crabs), mollusks (clams, snails), annelid worms
including those of the phyla Echinodermata (e.g., starfish, sea urchins), Chordata (e.g., sea squirts, lancelets, and vertebrates), Chaetognatha (e.g., arrowwo
Answer:
Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes. In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
I have only heard a few phrases for spine
Backbone
Vertebrae (vertebral column)
Spinal column
