A sugar-phosphate backbone (alternating grey-dark grey) joins together nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.The two strands run in opposite directions, one going in a 3' to 5' direction and the other going in a 5' to 3' direction. The nitrogenous bases are positioned inside the helix structure like "rungs on a ladder," due to the hydrophobic effect, and stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
Uracil is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine. Uracil is a demethylated form of thymine.
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Answer:
Within cells, the long strands of DNA form condensed structures called chromosomes. Organisms inherit genetic material from their parents in the form of homologous chromosomes, containing a unique combination of DNA sequences that code for genes.
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Common examples of fossil fuels include natural gas<span> </span>oil<span> </span>peat<span> and </span>coal<span>These fuels are organic biomass extracted from the remains of primitive organisms that roamed the planet millions of years ago</span>
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Habitat destruction is the most cause of extinctions. As deforestation continues in tropical forests, it causes mass extinctions among organisms.
All species have specific food and habitat needs. The more specific these needs and the more localized the habitat, the greater the vulnerability of species to loss of habitat to agricultural land, livestock, roads and cities. This is because the organisms are already adapted to the environment and any changes can prove disastrous for them.
In the future, the only species that survive are likely to be those whose habitats are highly protected, or whose habitat corresponds to the degraded state associated with human activity.
