I believe the answer is: Formal method of audience analysis,
Formal method of audience analysis would be done by analyzing the behaviour that being done by the audiences when the speaker give the speech. From the behaviour, we can collect data regarding the audiences' preference that would help us appeal to similar audiences in the future.
If a researcher studies the effectiveness of anti-drug commercials by comparing the self-reported frequency of drug use among teens six months before and six months after the commercial aired, she is using an Pretest/posttest design.
Answer: Option D
<u>Explanation:</u>
The pre-test is defined as a test carried out on a product or service before it is set to enter into the market for sale. It is usually done to check not only the effectiveness and efficiency of the product or service but also to check the safety of it too.
Sometimes a product or service is exposed to text after it enters the market. This is known as post-test as that is carried out after the product enters the market.
Federalism is the principle or system of government. A federalist believes that government is powerful enough to provide protection against external and internal threats.
The war pitted the Central Powers (mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) against the Allies (mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States). Read more about the Allied powers.