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Answer:
Operant Conditioning
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question you seem to be applying the principles of Operant Conditioning. This is a learning method designed by American psychologist and Behaviorist Burrhus Frederic Skinner in 1938, in which different behaviors are met with either a reward or a punishment in order to encourage or deter certain behaviors. Which is what you seem to be doing with Ralph by reinforcing a behavior with a candy bar or deterring it with a squirt gun.
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It made them more important and independent people in society. This was good for them because they needed to act on their own while their husbands and sons were off fighting in a war.