Sterilization is the process that kills all microbes by the use of physical/chemical agents.
In active transport carrier proteins are used.
The purpose of a bacterium's capsule is protection.
<h3>What use does the capsule of a bacteria serve?</h3>
White blood cells may eat and kill pathogens, but capsules could stop that from happening (phagocytosis). Although the precise mechanism for avoiding phagocytosis is unknown, it may occur because the presence of capsules makes the surface elements of bacteria more slippery, preventing the bacterium from being absorbed by phagocytic cells.
Capsules comprised of bacterial defenses and the host. The main function of the capsules of pathogenic bacteria is to prevent opsonophagocytosis or in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, complement-mediated lysis by shielding the bacterial surface from interactions with the host immune system.
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b) cytosine pairs with guanine in both. literally in dna replication,
<em>adenine goes with thymine</em>
<em>thymine goes with adenine</em>
<em>guanine goes with cytosine</em>
<em>cytosine goes with guanine</em>
hope this helps mina! :) <3
