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Ad libitum [116K]
3 years ago
13

The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger, which couples the movement of Na⁺ down its electrochemical gradient with the movement of Ca²⁺ against it

s electrochemical gradient, is a(n) _____________ because Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ move in different directions across the membrane.

Biology
2 answers:
VLD [36.1K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Antiport.

Explanation:

Active transport can be achieved using different transporters:

Uniport (the transport of an only molecule).

Symport (the transport of two molecules in the same direction).

Antiport (two molecules are transported in opposite directions).

The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger is an antiport, that transports <u>Na⁺ inside the cell and Ca²⁺ outside the cell</u> (see attachment).

ludmilkaskok [199]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger, which couples the movement of Na⁺ down its electrochemical gradient with the movement of Ca²⁺ against its electrochemical gradient, is a(n) <u>symporter secondary active transport </u>because Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ move in different directions across the membrane.

Explanation:

The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger is a secondary active transport because it uses the energy of the Na⁺ that moves in favor of its electrochemical gradient to bring a Ca²⁺ ion against its electrochemical gradient inside the cell. This transport needs the help of a  symporter, which is a protein that moves two different ions in the same direction.

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In a unique species of plants, flowers may be yellow, blue, red, or mauve. All colors may be true-breeding. If plants with blue
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Answer:

F1) 100% bbRr, red flowered plants.

Explanation:

<u>Available data:</u>

  • flowers may be yellow, blue, red, or mauve
  • colors may be true-breeding
  • the cross of blue-flowered plants with red-flowered plants, produce plants that have yellow flowers
  • F2 generation: 9/16 yellow, 3/16 blue, 3/16 red, and 1/16 mauve.

Knowing that the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, we can assume that there are two genes involved in the flower color expression. We can name these genes B and R with a dominant and a recessive allele each (B, b and R, r respectively).

According to the first cross, we might establish the following genotypes:

1st Cross: blue-flowered plant     x     red-flowered plant

Parentals)         BBrr                     x                bbRR

Gametes)     Br, Br, Br, Br                         bR, bR, bR, bR

F1) 100% BbRr, yellow plants

Parentals)   BbRr     x     BbRr

Gametes) BR, Br, bR, br

                BR, Br, bR, br

Punnett square)     BR       Br        bR          br

                  BR     BBRR    BBRr   BbRR     BbRr

                  Br      BBRr     BBrr     BbRr      Bbrr

                  bR     BbRR    BbRr    bbRR      bbRr                    

                  br      BbRr     Bbrr      bbRr      bbrr

F2)  9/16 yellow ---> 1/16 BBRR + 2/16 BBRr + 4/16 BbRr + 2/16 BbRR  

       3/16 blue ------> 1/16 BBrr + 2/16 Bbrr

       3/16 red---------> 1/16 bbRR + 2/16 bbRr

       1/16 mauve ----> 1/16 bbrr    

So,

  • Yellow-flowered plants: BBRR, BBRr, BbRR, BbRr
  • Red-flowered plants: bbRR, bbRr
  • Blue-flowered plants: BBrr, Bbrr
  • Mauve-flowered plants: bbrr

According to these genotypes, the second cross would be like following,

2nd Cross: true-breeding red-flowered plants with true-breeding mauve flowered plants.                

Parentals)          bbRR       x        bbrr

Phenotype)       Red                   Mauve

Gametes)   bR, bR, bR, bR      br, br, br, br

Punnett square)    bR       bR        bR        bR                    

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

F1) 100% bbRr, red flowered plants.

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