Answer: discrimination
Explanation: Discrimination in the context of conditioning refers to the the ability of an individual or animal to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus which requires the animal to give a signal when heard and other similar stimulus which when heard does not evoke a signal.
In the scenario above, the dog was conditioned to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone, which is the conditioned stimulus, Therefore, the failure of the dog to salivate upon hearing the sound of a low-pitched tone shows the dog has distinguished or made a distinction between a low and a high pitched sound.
A public good is something that is provided for the whole society (without additional fees other than general taxes) and the best example is the highway system - the rest is not necessarily available to the whole society and is not necessarily for free.
Magellan's voyage was different from that of Columbus because he sailed south down the coast of South America.
<h3>What is the similarity between Magellan's and Columbus's voyage?</h3>
Both explorer both travelled across the Atlantic both with different purpose.
Columbus discovered the America land while Magellan purpose was to discover if the world was a round world and it was proved as he travel from Spain across the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.
Therefore, the Option B is correct.
Read more about Magellan
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Answer: Shaping
Explanation:
Shaping in terms of operant conditioning is defined as process in which behavior that is successively close to the desired or expected terminal behavior is rewarded .Behavior gets shaped and molded through behavior shaping.
According to the question, providing biscuit as a reward to the dog for showing closely related behavior to the target desired behavior is the method of shaping.Dog's behavior is getting shaped through this process.