Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Answer:
Una deficiencia de fósforo puede causar inapetencia, anemia (recuento bajo de glóbulos rojos), debilidad muscular, problemas de coordinación, dolor óseo, huesos blandos y deformados, un mayor riesgo de infección, una sensación de ardor o picazón en la piel y confusión.
Explanation:
espero y te sirva
Answer:
The thylakoid membrane is responsible for separation of different regions of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast.
This membrane is responsible for the major difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria in terms of their structure and function.
The membrane is very important in chloroplasts and it fills the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in electron transport and the chemiosmotic generation of ATP.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Sana tama kase feel ko pang
