Bacteria are bounded by semipermeable cytoplasmic membranes, often including aquaporins. ... The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria (such as E. coli) is bounded by an outer lipid membrane that includes porins like those of mitochondria. The area between the outer and cytoplasmic membranes is denoted the “periplasm.”
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The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options for this question we can answer the following.
The cause and effects of geographic change within urban areas are the following.
Causes.
Economic causes such as the location of industries, factories, corporate offices in a determined place. People are always looking for better jog opportunities.
Commercial causes. Construction of modern malls or shopping centers.
Recreation and entertainment causes. Better recreational activities, venues, cinemas, theaters-
Education. Better schools in other neighborhoods.
Social causes. Stay away from tough neighborhoods, crime, and low-class areas.
Effects.
Overcrowding places due to increasing populations.
Lack of proper housing.
Air pollution.
Water pollution. Water shortages.
Noise pollution.
Waste-disposal issues.
High consumption of energy.
Property housing and office spaces prices skyrocketing due to high demand.
