(a) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(b) The introduction of exotic, non-native species.
(c) Overexploitation or over harvesting.
(d) Habitat loss and fragmentation.
(e) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(f) Over exploitation or over harvesting
(g) Introduction of exotic , or non native species
(h) Over exploitation or over harvesting.
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
Explanation:
Carbon has four electrons in its outer most orbit and it can share four more electrons from other atom to complete its valency while oxygen has 6 electrons in its outermost orbit and it can either charge the electron or gain two electrons from other atom.
Therefore in 
, the carbon atom shares its two electrons with two electrons of each oxygen atom and forms double bond with it. Thus, total pairs of electron to be shared by the atom of the molecule is two.
